高考化学方程式有总结吗?最好是中国的!谢谢你

高中化学所有化学方程式

1.非金属元素(氟、氯、氧、硫、N2、磷、碳、硅)

1,氧化:

F2+H2 = = 2hff2+Xe(过量)= = Xef22f2(过量)+Xe = = XeF4。

Nf2+2m = = 2mfn(对于大多数金属)2f2+2h2o = = 4hf+O2。

2 F2+2 NaOH = = = 2 NaF+OF2+H2O F2+2 NaCl = = = 2 NaF+Cl2

F2+2 nab r = = 2 NaF+br2f 2+2 nai = = 2 NaF+i2f 2+Cl2(等体积)= = 2clf。

3F2(过量)+Cl2 = = 2clf37f2(过量)+I2 = = 2f7

Cl2+H2 = = = 2 HCl 3c L2+2P = = = 2 PCL 3 Cl2+PC L3 = = = PC l5

Cl2+2Na = = = 2 NaCl 3c L2+2Fe = = = 2 FeCl 3 Cl2+2 FeCl 2 = = = 2 FeCl 3

Cl2+Cu = = = cuc L2 2cl 2+2 nabr = = = 2 NaCl+br2cl 2+2 nai = = = 2 NaCl+I2

5cl 2+I2+6H2O = = = 2 hio 3+10 HCl Cl2+Na2S = = = 2 NaCl+S

Cl2+H2S = = = 2 HCl+S Cl2+SO2+2H2O = = = h2so 4+2 HCl Cl2+H2O 2 = = = 2 HCl+O2

2O2+3Fe===Fe3O4 O2+K===KO2

S+H2 = = = H2S 2S+C = = = cs2s+Fe = = = FeS S+2Cu = = = Cu2S

3S+2Al===Al2S3 S+Zn===ZnS

N2+3 H2 = = = 2 NH3 N2+3mg = = = mg3n 2 N2+3Ca = = = ca3n 2

N2+3Ba = = = ba3n 2 N2+6Na = = = 2na 3n N2+6K = = = 2K3N

N2+6Rb===2Rb3N

P4+6 H2 = = = 4p H3 P+3Na = = = Na3P 2P+3Zn = = = zn3p 2

2.还原能力

S+O2 = = SO2 S+H2SO4(浓缩)==3SO2+2H2O

S+6HNO3(浓)= = = H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O3+4HNO(稀)===3SO2+4NO+2H2O。

N2+氧气===2NO

4p+5o2 = = p4o10(常写成p2o5) 2p+3x2 = = 2px3 (x代表F2,Cl2,Br2)。

PX3+X2 = = PX5P4+20HNO3(浓缩)= = 4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O

C+2f2 = = = cf4c+2cl2 = = ccl42c+O2(少量)= = 2co。

C+O2(足量)= = CO2 C+CO2 = = = 2coc+H2O = = = Co+H2(生成水煤气)

2c+SiO2 = = Si+2co(生产粗硅)

Si(粗)+2cl = = sicl4 (sicl4+2h2 = = Si(纯)+4HCl) Si(粉末)+O2 = = SiO2。

Si+C = = SiC(金刚砂)Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H2

3.歧化(在碱中)

Cl2+H2O = = HCl+HCLO(加酸抑制歧化,加碱或光促进歧化)

Cl2+2 NaOH = = = NaCl+NaClO+H2O Cl2+2Ca(OH)2 = = = CaCl 2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O

3Cl2+6KOH(热,浓)= = 5k cl+kclo 3+3H2O 3+6 NaOH = = = 2Na2S+na2so 3+3H2O。

4P+3KOH(浓缩)+3H2O = = PH3+3K2PO2

11P+15 cuso 4+24H2O = = = 5Cu3P+6h3po 4+15 h2so 4

3C+CaO = = = CAC 2+CO 3C+SiO 2 = = = SiC+2CO

2.简单金属(钠、镁、铝、铁)的还原性

2Na+H2 = = = 2 nah 4Na+O2 = = = 2Na 2o 2Na 2o+O2 = = = 2Na 2 o 2

2na+O2 = = Na2O22na+S = = Na2S(爆炸)2na+2H2O = = 2NaOH+H2。

2na+2nh3 = = 2nanh2+H24na+TiCl4(熔化)===4NaCl+Ti

Mg+Cl2 = = = MGC L2 Mg+Br2 = = = mgbr 2 2Mg+O2 = = = 2 MgO

Mg+S===MgS Mg+2H2O===Mg(OH)2+H2

2Mg+TiCl4(熔化)= = = Ti+2 MgCl2 mg+2Bcl = = MgCl2+2Rb。

2Mg+CO2 = = = 2 MgO+c2mg+SiO 2 = = = 2 MgO+Si Mg+H2S = = = MgS+H2

镁+硫酸= = =硫酸镁+H2

2al+3c L2 = = 2 ALCL 3 4al+3 O2 = = = 2al2o 3(钝化)

4al(汞)+3o 2+2xh2o = = 2(al2o 3·xh2o)+4hg(铝汞合金)

4Al+3m NO2 = = = 2al2o 3+3Mn 2Al+cr2o 3 = = = al2o 3+2Cr 2Al+fe2o 3 = = = al2o 3+2Fe

2Al+3 FeO = = = al2o 3+3Fe 2Al+6h cl = = = 2 ALCL 3+3 H2

2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2

2Al+6H2SO4(浓)= = Al2 (SO4) 3+3SO2+6H2O (Al和Fe在冷的浓H2SO4、HNO3 HNO3中钝化)

Al+4HNO(稀释)= = Al(NO3)3+NO+2h2o 2al+2 NNA oh+2h2o = = 2 nalo 2+3 H2

2Fe+3br 2 = = = 2 febr 3 Fe+I2 = = = Fei 2 Fe+S = = = FeS

3Fe+4H2O(g)= = = fe3o 4+4h2fe+2 HCl = = = FeCl 2+H2 Fe+cuc L2 = = = FeCl 2+Cu

Fe+sncl4 = = FeCl2+sncl2(酸性环境下铁不能将四氯化锡完全还原为元素锡Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Sn)。

三。非金属氢化物(氟化氢、氯化氢、H2O、H2S、氨气)

1,可约性:

4HCl(浓)+MnO 2 = = MNC L2+Cl2+2h2o 4 HCl(g)+O2 = = = 2cl 2+2h2o。

16 HCl+2 kmno 4 = = = 2 KCl+2 mncl 2+5cl 2+8H2O

14 HCl+k2 Cr 2 o 7 = = = 2 KCl+2 rcl 3+3c L2+7H2O

2h2o+2f2 = = 4hf+O2 2h2s+3o2(足量)===2SO2+2H2O

2H2S+O2(少量)= = 2s+2h2o 2h2s+SO2 = = = 3s+2h2o。

H2S+H2SO4(浓)===S+SO2+2H2O 3H2S+2HNO(稀)===3S+2NO+4H2O。

5H2S+2k MnO 4+3h2so 4 = = = 2 mnso 4+k2so 4+5S+8H2O

3H2S+k2cr 2 o 7+4h2so 4 = = = Cr2(SO4)3+k2so 4+3S+7H2O

2高中化学所有化学方程式

H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOH

2h 3+3c uo = = = 3Cu+N2+3H2O 2h 3+3c L2 = = = N2+6h cl

8nh3+3cl2 = = N2+6nh4cl4nh3+3o2(纯氧)===2N2+6H2O

4nh 3+5o 2 = = 4NO+6H2O 4nh 3+6NO = = 5 N2+6HO(用氨水去除NO)

NaH+H2O = = = NaOH+H2·4 NaH+TiCl 4 = = = Ti+4 NaCl+2 H2

CaH2+2H2O===Ca(OH)2+2H2

2.酸度:

4hf+SiO2 = = sif4+2h2o(该反应广泛用于测定矿石样品或钢铁样品中SiO2的含量)。

2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HCl

H2S+Fe = = = FeS+H2 H2S+cuc L2 = = = CuS+2 HCl H2S+2 agno 3 = = = Ag2S+2 HNO 3

H2S+氯化汞= = =硫化汞+2盐酸H2S+硝酸铅= = = PbS+2硝酸

H2S+氯化铁= = =硫酸亚铁+盐酸

2n H3+2Na = = 2n H2+H2(nan H2+H2O = = = NaOH+NH3)

3.碱度:

NH3+HCl = = = NH4Cl NH3+HNO 3 = = = nh4no 3·2NH3+h2so 4 = = =(NH4)2so 4

NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2 = = nahco3+NH4Cl(此反应用于工业制备小苏打、苏打)。

4.不稳定性:

2HF = = = H2+F2·2HCl = = = H2+Cl2·2H2O = = = 2 H2+O2·2H2O 2 = = = 2H2O+O2

H2S===H2+S 2NH3===N2+3H2

四。非金属氧化物

1,低价态的还原性:

2so2+O2+2h2o = = 2h2so4(这是大气中so2的环境化学反应)。

2so 2+O2 = = = 2so 3 SO2+Cl2+2H2O = = = h2so 4+2 HCl SO2+NO2 = = = SO3+NO

SO2+Br2+2H2O = = = h2so 4+2HBr SO2+I2+2H2O = = = h2so 4+2HI

2NO+O2===2NO2

NO+NO2+2NaOH = = 2nano2(用于吸收硝酸工业尾气中的NO和NO2)

2CO+O2 = = = 2CO 2 CO+CuO = = = Cu+CO2 3CO+fe2o 3 = = = 2Fe+3CO 2

一氧化碳+H2O = = =二氧化碳+H2

2、氧化:

SO2+2H2S = = = 3S+2H2O SO3+2KI = = = k2so 3+I2

NO2+2ki+H2O = = NO+I2+2koh(溴蒸气和NO2不能用淀粉ki溶液区分)。

4 NO2+H2S = = = 4NO+SO3+H2O 2 NO2+Cu = = = 4 CuO+N2

CO2+2mg = = 2mgo+c (CO2不能用于扑灭镁、钙、钡、钠、钾等燃烧的火。).

SiO 2+2 H2 = = = Si+2H2O SiO 2+2mg = = = 2 MgO+Si

3.与水的相互作用:

SO2+H2O = = = h2so 3 SO3+H2O = = = h2so 4 3no 2+H2O = = = 2 HNO 3+NO

N2O 5+H2O = = = 2 HNO 3 p2o 5+H2O = = = 2 hpo 3

P2O5+3H2O = = 2HPO4 (P2O5易吸水,可用作气体干燥剂)。

P2O5+3H2SO4(浓缩)= = 2HPO4+3SO3CO2+H2O = = H2CO3

4.与碱性物质的相互作用:

SO2+2 NH3+H2O = = =(NH4)2s O3 SO2+(NH4)2s O3+H2O = = = 2 NH 4h so 3

(这是硫酸厂回收SO2的反应。先用氨水吸收SO2,再用H2SO4处理:2 NH 4h so 3+h2so 4 = =(NH4)2so 4+2H2O+2so 2生成的硫酸铵作为肥料,SO2作为原料气循环使用。)

SO2+Ca (OH) 2 = = caso3+H2O (SO2和CO2不能用澄清石灰水鉴别,只能用品红鉴别)。

SO3+氧化镁= = =硫酸镁SO3+氢氧化钙= = =硫酸钙+H2O

CO2+2NaOH(过量)===Na2CO3+H2O CO2(过量)+NaOH===NaHCO3

CO2+Ca(OH)2(过量)= = CaCO3+H2O2 CO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2 = Ca(HCO 3)2

CO2+2 NAA lo 2+3H2O = = = 2Al(OH)3+na2co 3 CO2+c 6 H5 ona+H2O = = = c 6 H5 OH+nah co 3

SiO 2+Cao = = casio 3 SiO 2+2 NaOH = = na 2 SiO 3+H2O(强碱在室温下缓慢腐蚀玻璃)。

SiO 2+na2co 3 = = = na 2 SiO 3+CO2 SiO 2+CaCO3 = = = casio 3+CO2

动词 (verb的缩写)金属氧化物

1,低价态的还原性:

6 FeO+O2 = = = 2 fe3o 4 FeO+4 HNO 3 = = = Fe(NO3)3+NO2+2H2O

2、氧化:

Na2O2+2na = = 2n2o(此反应用于制备Na2O)。

MgO和Al2O3几乎不被氧化,因此它们难以被还原成Mg和Al。通常,镁和铝是通过电解产生的。

Fe2O3+3H2 = = 2Fe+3H2O(还原铁粉)Fe3O4+4H2 = = 3Fe+4H2O。

3.与水的相互作用:

Na2O+H2O = = = 2 NaOH 2na 2 o 2+2H2O = = = 4 NaOH+O2

(这个反应分两步:Na2O 2+2H2O = = 2 NaOH+H2O 2;2H2O2 = = 2H2O2+O2。H2O2可以通过类似的反应制备:BaO2+H2SO4(稀释)===BaSO4+H2O2)。

氧化镁+H2O = =氢氧化镁(慢反应)

4.与酸性物质的相互作用:

Na2O+SO3 = = = na2so 4 Na2O+CO2 = = = na2co 3 Na2O+2 HCl = = = 2 NaCl+H2O

2 NNA 2 o 2+2co 2 = = 2 na2co 3+O2 Na2O 2+h2so 4(冷,稀)===Na2SO4+H2O2。

氧化镁+SO3 = = =硫酸镁氧化镁+硫酸= = =硫酸镁+H2O

al2o 3+3h2so 4 = = Al2(SO4)3+3H2O(al2o 3是一种两性氧化物:Al2O3+2NaOH = = 2NALO2+H2O)

FeO+2 HCl = = = FeCl 2+3H2O fe2o 3+6h cl = = = 2 FeCl 3+3H2O

fe2o 3+3H2S(g)= = = fe2s 3+3H2O fe3o 4+8 HCl = = = FeCl 2+2 FeCl 3+4H2O

3高中化学所有化学方程式

不及物动词含氧酸

1,氧化:

4 hclo 3+3H2S = = = 3h2so 4+4 HCl hclo 3+HI = = = hio 3+HCl

3 HClO+HI = = = hio 3+3 HCl HClO+h2so 3 = = = h2so 4+HCl

Hclo+H2O2 = = HCl+H2O+O2(氧化性:HClO & gtHClO2 & gtHClO3 & gtHClO4,但是又厚又热的HClO4具有很强的氧化性)

2H2SO4(浓缩)+C = = = CO2+2SO2+2H2SO4(浓缩)+S===3SO2+2H2O。

H2SO4+Fe(Al)常温钝化6H2SO4(浓)+2Fe = = Fe2 (SO4) 3+3SO2+6H2O。

2H2SO4(浓缩)+Cu = = = CuSO4+SO2+2H2SO4(浓缩)+2HBR = = SO2+Br2+2H2O。

H2SO4(浓)+2hi = = SO2+I2+2h2o H2SO4(稀)+Fe===FeSO4+H2。

2h2so3+2h2s = = 3s+2h2o 4hno3(浓缩)+C===CO2+4NO2+2H2O。

6HNO3(浓缩)+S = = H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O5HNO3(浓缩)+P = = H3PO4+5NO2+H2O。

6h NO3+Fe = = = Fe(NO3)3+3no 2+3H2O 4 HNO 3+Fe = = = Fe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O

30 HNO 3+8Fe = = = 8Fe(NO3)3+3n 2 o+15H2O 36 HNO 3+10Fe = = = 10Fe(NO3)3+3n 2+18H2O

30硝酸+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2O

2.还原性:

H2SO4+X2+H2O = = H2SO4+2hx (X代表Cl2、Br2、I2) 2H2SO4+O2 = = 2H2SO4。

h2so 3+H2O 2 = = = h2so 4+H2O 5 h2so 3+2 kmno 4 = = = 2 mnso 4+k2so 4+2h2so 4+3H2O

h2so 3+2 FeCl 3+H2O = = h2so 4+2 FeCl 2+2 HCl

3.酸度:

H2SO4(浓缩)+caf2 = = caso4+2hf H2SO4(浓缩)+NaCl===NaHSO4+HCl。

H2SO4(浓缩)+2NaCl===Na2SO4+2HCl H2SO4(浓缩)+NaNO3===NaHSO4+HNO3。

3H2SO4(浓)+CA3 (PO4) 2 = = 3caso4+2h3po4

2H2SO4(浓)+ca3 (po4) 2 = = 2caso4+ca (h2po4) 2

3 HNO 3+ag3po 4 = = = h3po 4+3 agno 3 2 HNO 3+CaCO3 = = = Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2

硝酸和浓H2SO4不能制备还原气体,如H2S、氯化氢、溴化氢和二氧化硫。

4h3po4+ca3 (po4) 2 = = 3ca (h2po4) 2(重钙)

H3PO4(浓缩)+nabr = = nah2po4+HBR h3po4(浓缩)+NaI===NaH2PO4+HI。

4.不稳定性:

2 hclo = = = 2 HCl+O2 4h no 3 = = = 4 NO2+O2+2H2O h2so 3 = = = H2O+SO2

h2co 3 = = = H2O+CO2 h4sio 4 = = = h2sio 3+H2O

七。碱

1,低价态的还原性:

4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O===4Fe(OH)3

2.与酸性物质的相互作用:

2NaOH+SO2(少量)= = Na2SO3+H2O NaOH+SO2(足量)= = nahso3

2 NaOH+SiO 2 = = = nasio 3+H2O 2 NaOH+al2o 3 = = = 2 NAA lo 2+H2O

2 NaOH+Cl2 = = = NaCl+NaClO+H2O NaOH+HCl = = = NaCl+H2O

NaOH+H2S(足量)= = nahs+H2O2 NaOH+H2S(少量)===Na2S+2H2O

3 NaOH+ALC L3 = = = Al(OH)3+3 NaCl NaOH+Al(OH)3 = = = NAA lo 2+2H2O

(AlCl3和Al(OH)3哪个酸性更大?)NaOH+NH4Cl===NaCl+NH3+H2O

Mg (oh) 2+2nh4cl = = MgCl2+2nh3。H2O al (oh) 3+NH4Cl是不溶的。

3.不稳定性:

mg(OH)2 = = = MgO+H2O 2Al(OH)3 = = = al2o 3+3H2O 2Fe(OH)3 = = = fe2o 3+3H2O

氢氧化铜= = =氧化铜+H2O

八。盐

1,氧化:

2 FeCl 3+Fe = = 3 FeCl 2 2 FeCl 3+Cu = = = 2 FeCl 2+cuc L2(用于雕刻铜电路板)

2 FeCl 3+Zn = = = 2 FeCl 2+ZnCl 2 FeCl 3+Ag = = = FeCl 2+AgC

Fe2 (SO4) 3+2ag = = FeSO4+Ag2SO4(难反应)Fe(NO3)3+Ag不反应。

2 FeCl 3+H2S = = = 2 FeCl 2+2 HCl+S2 FeCl 3+2KI = = = 2 FeCl 2+2 KCl+I2

FeCl 2+Mg = = Fe+MGC L2

2.还原性:

2fecl2+Cl2 = = 2fecl3 3N2S+8HNO3(稀释)= = 6Nano3+2NO+3S+4H2O

3Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀释)= = 3n a2 so 4+2NO+H2O 2 N2 a2 so 3+O2 = = = 2na 2 so 4

3.与碱性物质的相互作用:

氯化镁+2氨。H2O = = =氢氧化镁+氯化铵AlCl3+3NH3。H2O = = =氢氧化铝+3 NH 4h cl

FeCl3+3NH3。H2O===Fe(OH)3+3NH4Cl

4.与酸性物质的相互作用:

na3po 4+HCl = = = na 2 hpo 4+NaCl na 2 hpo 4+HCl = = = nah 2 po 4+NaCl

nah 2 po 4+HCl = = = h3po 4+NaCl na2co 3+HCl = = = nah co 3+NaCl

nah co 3+HCl = = = NaCl+H2O+CO2 3 na 2co 3+2 ALCL 3+3H2O = = = 2Al(OH)3+3 CO2+6 NaCl

3n a2 co 3+2 FeCl 3+3H2O = = = 2Fe(OH)3+3 CO2+6 NaCl

3 nah co 3+ALC L3 = = = Al(OH)3+3 CO2 3 nah co 3+FeCl 3 = = = Fe(OH)3+3 CO2

3na 2s+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O = = = 2Al(OH)3+3H2S 3 naalo 2+ALC L3+6H2O = = = 4Al(OH)3

5.不稳定性:

na 2 S2 o 3+h2so 4 = = = na2so 4+S+SO2+H2O NH4Cl = = = NH3+HCl

NH 4h co 3 = = = NH3+H2O+CO2·2kno 3 = = = 2kno 2+O2

2Cu(NO3)3 = = = 2 CuO+4 NO2+O2 2k MnO 4 = = = k2 MnO 4+MnO 2+O2

2 kclo 3 = = = 2 KCl+3 O2·2 nah co 3 = = = na2co 3+H2O+CO2

ca(HCO 3)2 = = = CaCO3+H2O+CO2 CaCO3 = = = CaO+CO2 MGC O3 = = = MgO+CO2